Introduction break in the structural continuity of a bone if the overlying skin remains intact closed simple fracture if skin or one of the body cavities is breached open compound fracture 3. Fracture classification orthopaedic trauma association. There are many different types of fracture from greenstick, hairline, and compression to oblique, impacted, and longitudinal. Anatomic description of fractures type comminution location displacement 3. Determining fracture type is really important when looking at a fracture and trying to describe it.
There are many different types of fracture from greenstick, hairline, and compression to. Fractures can be split into complete and incomplete fractures depending on whether the fracture extends all the way through the bone complete or only involves a portion of the cortex. Overuse can cause stress fractures, which are very. Applied stress a edge crack length y geometric constant k ic critical value of stress intensity factor fracture toughness y. Pdf thoracolumbar fractures are an important topic in spinal surgery. Types of fractures the orthopedic institute at southwest. Other causes are low bone density and osteoporosis, which cause weakening of the bones. Dec 14, 2017 a fracture caused by a disease or condition is known as a pathological fracture. In his section of a vertebra, a focal cortical bone fracture arrowhead is associated with mild to moderate hemorrhage.
A break in a young, soft bone in which the bone bends and partially breaks. Types of fractures we treat all types of fractures at southwest health, throughout all stages of the healing process. There are different types of fractures and symptoms include pain, swelling, and discoloration of the skin around the injured area. Coronal fracture of the distal humerus at capitellum. Types of fractures a fracture may be displaced bone moved out of normal alignment or nondisplaced bone remains in normal alignment. Thinning of the bone due to osteoporosis in the elderly can cause the bone to break easily.
A simple overview of different types of wrist fractures. We examine the facts about fractures in this article. Depending on the type of load, fracture may be defined by tensile fracture, compressive fracture, shear fracture, fatigue fracture, creep fracture and cleavage fracture. A fracture is a common injury that can occur to any bone in the body. Open compound fractures are severe fractures in which the broken bones cut through the skin.
For a good longterm functional outcome to be achieved, reliable early evaluation is crucial so that it can be determined whether the problem is a distorsion sprain, ligament rupture, bony ligament avulsion, or fracture of the. Bone fractures figure 1 and figure 2 are characterized by discontinuity of cortical bone andor disruption of medullary trabeculae microfracture. When a bone receives a force thats too great to absorb, it breaks or fractures. Fracture types summary radiology reference article. The femoral neck fractures have been organized to better align the fracture types. Some fractures may be described using more than one term because it may have the features of more than one type e. Transverse fractures end segment fractures metaphyseal and articular the questions are.
Some fractures may require surgery to align the bones and to promote better long term function, but most can be treated without surgery. Especially applicable to the long bones and the pelvis. External fixation permits adjustment of length and angulation some allow reduction of the fracture in all 3 planes. Salterharris type i fractures describe a fracture that is completely contained within the physis. This is a basic article for medical students and other nonradiologists. Study anatomy types of fractures flashcards at proprofs anatomy.
A nondisplaced fracture may be difficult to identify without an xray. Fracture by dan pyne revisions by tom pabst glenn gers e. Common causes of fractures fractures may be caused by a direct blow to the body such as being hit by a vehicle or by indirect force that results in a fracture away from the point of impact such as a hip fracture resulting from a person landing on his knee after a hard fall. The skin may be pierced by the bone or by a blow that breaks the skin at the time of the fracture. Aoota fracture and dislocation classification compendium2018.
Transverse the break is in a straight line across the bone. Learn about how orthopedic surgeons decide on the best way to fix those bones. Types and classification of fractures linkedin slideshare. Generally the recovery time for a broken bone is 4 to 6 weeks, depending on the circumstances of the injury. While breaking a bone is kind of a big bummer, not to mention painful, at the very least you can look forward to your friends signing and drawing all sorts of weird things. Smith fractures reverse colles fractures type 1 type 2 type 3 fractures of the forearm fractures of the distal radius with volar displacement and angulation of the distal fragment greenspan 1992 618p. The wrist consists of eight small bones, which connect to the ends of the forearm bones. Fractures of the pelvis, which often cannot be controlled quickly by any other method.
A bone may get fractured completely or partially and it is caused commonly from trauma due to fall, motor vehicle accident or sports. This lecture covers some basics about fractures that will create a good base for any student interested in orthopedics. Whereas a pathological fracture can arise from a single minor trauma to an abnormal bone, a stress fracture is the result of repeated low impact trauma to a normal bone. After your bones are put back in place, you may have a cast or splint to keep the injured bones from moving. Kellam and others published fracture classification find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate.
Fractures commonly happen because of car accidents, falls, or sports injuries. If the broken bone punctures the skin, it is called an open or compound fracture. Among the many different types of fractures, this type of fracture occurs when your bone breaks into two parts in a way that the bone loses its. Aoota classification pdf ao surgery reference ao foundation. The soft tissue surrounding the break may also be injured. Oct 15, 2016 this article will discuss the three primary types of bone fractures.
Principles of fracture fixation orthopedic basics youtube. Most bone fractures are the result of injuries from falls or vehicle crashes, but fractures can also be caused by certain diseases. Type of fracture fracture personality fracture displacement fracture angulation. A clavicle fracture is typically associated with extreme pain, and arm movement is difficult. Fractures are classified by their complexity, location, and other features. Fractures typically result from a fall, physical activity, or a motor vehicle accident. However, there are different types of fractures that can all be classified into three main categories including a simple bone fracture, a comminuted fracture, and an open fracture. Anatomic description communition comminution is the measure of the number of pieces of broken bone that there are. This is not only seen in soldiers who march, but also as the result of other repetitive weightbearing. The may 5, 2004, issue of jama includes an article about external. Introduction to fracture mechanics david roylance department of materials science and engineering massachusetts institute of technology cambridge, ma 029.
Pdf the aospine classification of thoracolumbar spine. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Fractures of the ankle joint are among the commonest fractures in adults, with an incidence of up to 174 cases per 100 000 persons per year. A fracture is when the continuity of a bone is broken. Jul 11, 2014 there are probably almost as many ways of categorizing bone fractures as there are bones in the body 206.
They occur when the physical force exerted on the bone is stronger than the. The type of surgery used to treat a hip fracture is primarily based on the bones and soft tissues affected or on the level of the fracture. In order to be separated from the skull base, the pterygoid plates of the sphenoid bone need to be involved as these connect the midface to the sphenoid bone dorsally. Le fort fracture classification radiology reference. A break caused by compression, the act of pressing down.
This type of fracture has a horizontal fracture line. In reality, the majority of fractures that involve the physis have at least a small fragment of metaphysis associated with them and are therefore type ii injuries. By adding the pauwels classification as a qualification for femoral neck fractures. Gartlands classification of supracondylar fracture of humerus. Max frye howard franklin jeffrey fiskin current revisions by glenn gers weinstock productions castle rock entertainment. Fractures and dislocations university of cincinnati. You may think that a fracture is a fracture, right. Mathes in the first day or two after the break or surgery, it is better.
Principles of muller aoota classification of fractureslong bones. This type of fracture is more prone to infection and requires immediate medical attention. Le fort fractures are fractures of the midface, which collectively involve separation of all or a portion of the midface from the skull base. The extent of the break depends on the forces that are involved.
Below is a listing of the common types that may occur. It is an overuse injury and is more common in athletes, ballet dancers, runners, and basketball players. The 2018 revision of the aoota fracture and dislocation classification compendium addresses the many suggestions to improve the application of the system, as well as add. The clavicle bone lies just beneath the skin, so a fracture usually causes an obvious protrusion or bump at the fracture site, along with swelling.
You develop this type of fracture in joints that you use too often. The break is completely across the bone, at a right angle. Bone fracture in a male b6c3f1n mouse from a chronic study. Separation of a solid into two or more parts under application of load or stress is called fracture. You may need an xray to see if you have a broken bone. Anatomic description type type is the overall fracture pattern examples are. However, other fracture causes include osteoporosis, which is a condition that weakens. Fractures can broadly be split into complete and incomplete fractures. Salterharris type i fracture radiology reference article. The le fort classification system attempts to distinguish according to. The broken ends of the bone line up and are barely out of place. In response to complications associated with traditional open reduction techniques, a paradigm shift has occurred from establishing absolute rigid fixation to creating an environment more conducive to fracture healing.
Thes e cas es i ncluded 16 type a fractu res, 3 ty pe b. A simple overview of different types of wrist fractures because the wrist is such a complex joint, there are many different types of wrist fractures. This is a unique fracture in children that involves bending of one side of the bone without any break in the bone. Introduction to the radiology of fractures and related injuries urmc. One where there is a separation of a small bone fragment from the bone where a tendon or ligament is attached. Victoria bc v8z 0b9 tel 250 940 4444 fax 250 385 9600 page 3 april 2015 v1s. A broken bone is often caused by a fall, an injury or an accident. The march fracture is a common stress fracture of a metatarsal bone. We treat all types of fractures at southwest health, throughout all stages of the healing process. Fracture types summary assoc prof craig hacking and dr jeremy jones et al. Bone fractures a fracture is also called a broken bone. A hip fracture is a break in the upper quarter of the femur thigh bone.